Category Archives: science

amusements, science

November Quiz Answers

Here are the answers to this month’s five quiz questions. If in doubt, all should be able to be easily verified online.

November Quiz Questions: Chemical Science

  1. Verdigris, is a green pigment mainly comprising salts of which metal? Copper
  2. Friedrich Kekulé is credited with figuring out the correct structure of which chemical? Benzene
  3. What is the heaviest naturally occurring element? Plutonium
  4. William Perkin is famous for what? Synthesis of the first artificial purple dye, mauvine (aka. aniline purple), in 1856
  5. What is the pH of pure water? 7.0

Answers were correct when questions were compiled in late 2022.

medical, memes, science

Ten Things: November

This year our Ten Things column each month is concentrating on science and scientists.

Where a group is described as “great” or “important” this is not intended to imply these necessarily the greatest or most important, but only that they are up there amongst the top flight.

Medical Discoveries

  1. Blood groups
  2. Transplant surgery
  3. Antibiotics
  4. Circulatory system
  5. Germ theory
  6. Insulin
  7. Vaccination
  8. Anaesthesia
  9. Oral contraception
  10. Blood transfusion
amusements, science

November Quiz Questions

Again this year we’re beginning each month with five pub quiz style questions, with a different subject each month. They’re not difficult, but it is unlikely everyone will know all the answers, so hopefully you’ll learn something new, as well as have a bit of fun.

November Quiz Questions: Chemical Science

  1. Verdigris, is a green pigment mainly comprising salts of which metal?
  2. Friedrich Kekulé is credited with figuring out the correct structure of which chemical?
  3. What is the heaviest naturally occurring element?
  4. William Perkin is famous for what?
  5. What is the pH of pure water?

Answers will be posted in 2 weeks time.

environment, history, links, medical, photography, science

Monthly Links

Welcome to this month’s well packed selection of links to items you may have missed.

Science, Technology, Natural World

An evolutionary biologist explains what we already know: cats are perfect. [££££]

Nevertheless we’re still trying to fully understand how cats purr.

A Pacific Footballfish (yes, really; they’re a type of anglerfish) has washed up on the Californian coast; only about 30 known specimens have ever been collected.

And now for something completely different … how many tectonic plates does Earth have?

Scientists are saying the Moon is 40 million years older than we thought. Well unless there’s a lot we’re not being told, I don’t find it totally convincing.

Meanwhile way, way out in space the two 50-year-old Voyager probes, now out beyond the solar system, are being given code updates to prolong their mission even more.

So you think quantum physics is weird? Well it isn’t; its weirder! [££££]

Health, Medicine

They’ve tested it, and it turns out the ancient honey-and-vinegar mix is a really effective wound treatment. But then so is superglue. [££££]

It’s long been received wisdom, but does chicken soup really help when you’re sick?

On which note, how many microbes does it take to make you ill? [LONG READ]

Another piece of long-held wisdom is that young, health adults were more vulnerable to the 1918 flu virus. Examination of some skeletons suggests this wasn’t so.

It may sound morbid or traumatising, but researchers are still trying to understand what really happens during a near-death experience. [LONG READ]

Environment

Many of the UK’s big wine retailers have joined forces on the Bottle Weight Accord aimed at globally reducing the weight of glass bottles.

Art, Literature, Language, Music

Aboriginal Australian languages have finally helped linguistics researchers show that a language’s grammar affects how the speaker sees. [££££] [LONG READ]

Many people have assumed the worst, but it is doubtful Lewis Carroll was actually a paedophile?

History, Archaeology, Anthropology

There’s this theory that men evolved to hunt and women evolved to gather (wrapped around childcare etc.). But the thing is, it’s wrong. [££££] [LONG READ]

There are some footprints in New Mexico which if correctly dated mean humans were in the Americas much earlier than thought. It also seems that the first American settlers weren’t who we thought [LONG READ] they were.

In Spain archaeologists have discovered 9500-year-old baskets and 6200-year-old shoes in a bat cave.

Did Stone Age peoples have toilets? It looks like at least some did. [LONG READ]

There’s one small glimmer of light amongst the climate change which is melting all the ice … some interesting ancient artefacts are coming to the surface from their alpine deep freeze. [LONG READ]

At the other end of the scale, scientists in Israel are having some success growing date palms from 2000-year-old seeds found at sites in the Jordanian desert.

Staying in Europe … in Italy a 2200-year-old tomb has been discovered – and it’s decorated with a mythical hellhound and sea-centaurs.

Declassified satellite images of Syria and Iraq from 1960s and 70s are revealing a large number of Roman forts in the area; far more than were expected.

Never let it be said that Romans didn’t have all mod cons, because it appears that at least some had their own wine fridge.

Also dating from the Roman period, an 1800-year-old sarcophagus, which held a woman of “special status” has been unearthed in NE France.

Let’s skip quickly over to the Americas again … the Mayan reservoirs relied on aquatic plants to help provide clean water.

And we’re back in Europe and with that melting ice … a rare, well preserved and possibly Viking, horse bridle has emerged from melting ice in Norway.

It seems that the Vikings had windows as fragments of Viking-Age window glass have been found in Denmark and Sweden.

Our favourite medievalist has written a short explication of the Holy Roman Empire. [LONG READ]

Medieval manors were actually important employers; here’s a look at some of the jobs.

Meanwhile medieval people got murdered, and some academics have put together murder maps for three cities.

Agrippa’s De occulta philosophia (1533), a manual of learned magic, explicated the ways in which magicians systematically understood and manipulated the cosmos. [LONG READ]

Now coming almost up to date … 19th-century Britain had this aversion to allowing women to practice medicine.

Food, Drink

Researchers have finally revealed the true origins of grapes and wine. [££££] [LONG READ]

So just why are 1 in 7 of us addicted to ultra-processed foods? [LONG READ]

Lifestyle, Personal Development, Beliefs

It that time of year, but Katherine May suggests ways in which the can lighten these dark months.

Here are ten questions to help start an important conversation with a teenager (well anyone really).

A professional architectural photographer talks about the magic of photographing the Romney Marsh Churches. [LONG READ]

Still down in Kent, my friend Katy Wheatley got to see round the late Derek Jarman’s Prospect Cottage which is in one of my favourite places, the desolation of Dungeness.

Shock, Horror, Humour, Wow!

Finally … the heroic and amazing exploits of animals working for us including ferret electricians and land-mine clearing rats. [LONG READ]

amusements, science

October Quiz Answers

Here are the answers to this month’s five quiz questions. If in doubt, all should be able to be easily verified online.

October Quiz Questions: Biological Science

  1. How many hearts does an octopus have? Three
  2. What is the name of the bumps on a raspberry? Drupelets. The raspberry is not a berry but an aggregate fruit of numerous drupelets around a central core.
  3. The Kakapo is a flightless bird native to New Zealand. What type of bird is it? Parrot
  4. Ants and bees evolved from which other insect species. Wasps
  5. According to researchers there are thought to be over a billion individuals of only four bird species. Name two of them.
    House Sparrow, European Starling, Ring-Billed Gull, Barn Swallow.

Answers were correct when questions were compiled in late 2022.

memes, science

Ten Things: October

This year our Ten Things column each month is concentrating on science and scientists.

Where a group is described as “great” or “important” this is not intended to imply these necessarily the greatest or most important, but only that they are up there amongst the top flight.

Great Biologists

  1. William Harvey
  2. Charles Darwin
  3. Aristotle
  4. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
  5. Carl Linnaeus
  6. Alexander Fleming
  7. Edward Jenner
  8. Robert Hooke
  9. Hippocrates
  10. Gregor Mendel
amusements, science

October Quiz Questions

Again this year we’re beginning each month with five pub quiz style questions, with a different subject each month. They’re not difficult, but it is unlikely everyone will know all the answers, so hopefully you’ll learn something new, as well as have a bit of fun.

October Quiz Questions: Biological Science

  1. How many hearts does an octopus have?
  2. What is the name of the bumps on a raspberry?
  3. The Kakapo is a flightless bird native to New Zealand. What type of bird is it?
  4. Ants and bees evolved from which other insect species.
  5. According to researchers there are thought to be over a billion individuals of only four bird species. Name two of them.

Answers will be posted in 2 weeks time.

food+drink, history, medical, science, sexuality

Monthly Links

Here we go again with this month’s collection of links to items which interested me and which you maybe didn’t want to miss.

Science, Technology, Natural World

On the colours of the stars. [££££]

There are some small “earthquakes” on the moon, and the cause is somewhat surprising.

They’re still hunting for the missing flight MH370, and now there is hope of finding it using divination by barnacles.

Scientists have found a huge, remote, Fijian cave, and it’s full of tiny endangered bats. [££££]

Scientists are looking at dreaming and REM sleep across the animal kingdom.

So just how old is the oldest aquarium fish? We know koi carp can live to 80, but Methuselah is even older.

Health, Medicine

Explaining both the neuroscience and physiology of fear and anxiety.

More screening for cancers sounds like it could be good for many of us, but there are serious questions over whether the NHS could cope with it.

Girls, your vagina has it’s own microbiome (just as our guts and skin do), so here are a few pointers on how to look after it.

Yes, it turns out the so-called “male menopause” is a thing for at least some men. [££££]

So is pee sterile?

The medicinal leech has a long history, and is still used today.

Most of us suffer from delusions of some form, however mildly. Here are the five most common.

We all have childhood memories – some of us more than others – but how reliable are they?

It seems that some people whose brains flatline but survive can recall lucid “experiences of death“.

Sexuality

Just what were the rules around masturbation in Ancient Greece? As if one can put rules round such a thing! [££££]

Here are some things most of us don’t know, but probably should, about emergency contraception.

Environment

A recent report says that Britain’s ocean fish populations are in a quite some trouble.

Art, Literature, Language, Music

Seemingly the speed at which someone talks has no relationship to intelligence.

History, Archaeology, Anthropology

Researchers have calculated that the species which were to become Homo sapiens suffered a population bottleneck, and could have gone extinct, almost a million years ago.

Meanwhile researchers in southern Africa have discovered some ½million year old timbers which appear to have been woodworked.

5000-7000 years ago there was a culture in what’s now Eastern Europe which burned its houses down every couple of generations – but we don’t know why.

On the age of, and reasons for, the Egyptian pyramids.

Along with Greek rules around masturbation (see above) the ancient world had various rules about with female beauty. [££££]

Two rare Roman cavalry swords from around 200AD have been found in the Cotswolds.

On a similar note, an early medieval warrior buried with his weapons has been found in Germany.

In around 900AD there was a very powerful woman who ruled over that Papacy.

On the involvement of the Templars in the murder of Thomas Becket in 1170.

A bit further on … a 14th-century cannon has been found off Swedish coast.

Cannibalism in human history has rarely been just about eating to survive.

An Ode to the Rag-and-Bone Man.

Food, Drink

Notable Sandwiches #68: Francesinha e Francesinha Poveira.

Lifestyle, Personal Development, Beliefs

Do opposites attract? Apparently not as research is suggesting that couples are more likely to be similar than different.

Another for the girls … Attractive though it may be, in more ways than one, apparently going braless does come at a cost. However if you’re going to wear a bra, then find your correct size, ‘cos it probably isn’t what you think.

So what is it about school nicknames? Harry Mount suggests that while they can be fantastically rude, the ruder they are, the more affectionate.

Shock, Horror, Humour, Wow!

Finally, this year’s Ig Nobel Prize winners have been revealed.

memes, science

Ten Things: September

This year our Ten Things column each month is concentrating on science and scientists.

Where a group is described as “great” or “important” this is not intended to imply these necessarily the greatest or most important, but only that they are up there amongst the top flight.

Things Science got Wrong

  1. Alchemy
  2. Earth-centric Universe
  3. Babies are conceived entirely from male seed
  4. Luminiferous Ether
  5. Four Humours
  6. Disease is due to miasma or the four humours
  7. Phrenology
  8. Martian Canals
  9. Phlogiston
  10. Electrons as tiny balls
environment, history, links, medical, science

Monthly Links

Here we go then with this month’s selection of links to items which interested me, and which you may have missed.

Science, Technology, Natural World

Let’s start with 16, possibly unexpected, facts about sweat.

Turmeric is supposedly one of those “cure-alls” but despite some interesting chemistry it looks like its claims are overstated.

Still on turmeric, here’s a report on how researchers uncovered a scam of improving the colour of turmeric with lead. [LONG READ]

And while we’re on things yellow, a researcher thinks they’ve found a long-thought lost Ancient Greek and Roman medicinal plant.

And then there are wasps – in his case the common “yellow-jacket” Vespula vulgaris – where researchers using data from the Big Wasp Survey have found that the UK population is essentially genetically homogeneous. [Full disclosure: I’ve been part of Big Wasp Survey since its inception.]

Researchers are claiming that worms frozen in permafrost for 46,000 years are still alive and the oldest known living animals.

Continuing with the bizarre, in the deep Atlantic Ocean there lives a creature with 20 arms.

And so to the even more esoteric … Scientists continue to puzzle over whether nothingness exists.

On average your friends are on average more popular than you – on the paradox which links epidemiology and sociology.

Health, Medicine

Various scientists are making the observation that we aren’t prepared for the next pandemic (whatever that is) – here’s one. [LONG READ]

Covid cases have seen a small spike this summer; here’s why, and some thoughts going forward.

Here’s a look at six slightly surprising effects of common medicines. [££££]

In this one young researcher looks at the challenges she faced with OCD.

On the stigmatisation of menstruation through history to the current times.

Sexuality

There are different things helping towards great sex at various stages of life. [LONG READ]

Environment

Forget rich soil, try gardening with hardcore. [LONG READ]

More on wasps! There have been a number of sightings this year of Asian Hornets (aka. Yellow-Legged Hornet, Vespa velutina [image above], which is slightly smaller than a European Hornet, Vespa crabo [image below]) in the UK, most notably a cluster in Kent. While these are alien predators (often taking large numbers of honeybees) they are not the so-called “Murder Hornets” (aka Asian Giant Hornet, Vespa mandarinia, which are larger) which have invaded the American west coast. [As usual the article doesn’t really live up to the goriness of the headline.]
And there’s an even more recent report from the London area.

Art, Literature, Language, Music

Researchers at the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium have used infrared light to reveal a hidden portrait beneath a 1943 painting by René Magritte.

One scientist offers some tips for good scientific writing – and they aren’t what we’ve often been taught.

History, Archaeology, Anthropology

As always let’s start old and get younger, with an overview of our extinct human relatives the Neanderthals.

They’re still researching Ötzi the Iceman, and have now determined that he was balding and had dark skin.

Who was the first literary hero? There’s a suggestion that it is actually the ancient goddess Inanna.

The remains of an Iron Age female warrior have been discovered on the Isles of Scilly.

Just take a look at the magnificence of the Roman Lighthouse at Dover – the oldest in England.

Staying with the Romans, some marble fragments are giving an insight into Emperor Hadrian’s diary.

Further east in the Roman Empire archaeologists have uncovered a Roman amphitheatre with blood red walls.

A medieval historian appears to have recognised a new source about the Norman Conquest of England, and it was hiding in plain sight.

Laying to rest the myth that the medieval Kerrs were left-handed and that spiral staircases were always built to advantage the defender.

People

In an interview for the Big Issue, Professor Alice Roberts says she got side-tracked into academia.

Why do we always think that terminally single (and childless) women are unfulfilled, because they’re often happier?

Shock, Horror, Humour, Wow!

And finally two amusements. First one young lady pots up her Lego succulents.

And finally, finally someone has installed a urinal on the side of Sonning Bridge over the River Thames.