Category Archives: history

Monthly Links

Once more unto our monthly links, brethren …


Science, Technology, Natural World

fish-like arthropod

The fossilised remains of a 500-million-year-old fish-like arthropod suggests it was among the first creatures with jaws. [££££]

There’s a living fish with a genome 30 times that of a human, and it’s just been sequenced.

Continuing with odd research findings, it seems that all modern birds share an iridescent ancestor.

And well what do you know? Apparently parrots have accents.

And now to tiny wings … scientists are doing all sorts of probes into honey and finding it can tell a huge story about the environment where it was created – it’s full of pollen, DNA, bacteria, and a lot of other junk. [££££]

Back to one of my favourite themes: wasps.
Each summer, wasps in the UK capture about 14 million kilogrammes of insects such as caterpillars and greenfly, making them important friends to gardeners.
First Prof. Seirian Sumner (aka. @waspprof) looks at why there are so few wasps around this year. (Spoiler: wet Spring.)
Secondly, yet another look at the importance of wasps as both predators and pollinators.

Tardigrades, those almost indestructible micro-creatures, that have been preserved in amber are revealing when they gained their indestructability. [££££]

Psychological research has a problem with reproducibility, and now there are indications that men may not be more attracted to scent of fertile women, after all.

Let’s explode another psychological stereotype … only children are no more self-centred, spoiled and lonely that those with siblings. [LONG READ] [££££]

As below, so above – maybe …

Astronomers have spotted a comet which is being kicked out of the solar system.

And NASA’s army of citizen scientists have spotted an object moving at an incredible 1 million miles per hour (that’s about 40 times round the Earth, an hour!).


Health, Medicine

It is becoming increasingly evident that Parkinson’s disease is related to the gut microbiome.

Would women be healthier and happier if they avoided the menopause and menstruated for ever? Researchers are divided.


Environment

2 herring gulls on a post

What people classify as pests are only species of wildlife going about their lawful business and in the process encroaching on what we declare as human-only places (like houses).

One American environmentalist on the joy of harvesting greywater for his desert garden.


Social Sciences, Business, Law, Politics

London blogger Diamond Geezer takes a look at why people are wrong.

There are many, many big companies that we’ve never heard of, but who have a surprising grip on our lives – and failure of any one (like CrowdStrike did in July) could being the world to a halt.


Art, Literature, Language, Music

Here’s a glossary of American Beatnik slang.

From early times up to Taylor Swift, musicians can thank ancient temples for thir music. [LONG READ] [££££]

cut-away of Solomon's temple


History, Archaeology, Anthropology

Some really forensic research has worked out that Stonehenge’s massive Altar Stone came from north-east Scotland. And we thought that moving the bluestones from SW Wales was a feat too far!

Just a quick reminder that the original (ancient Greek) Olympic Games were entirely male and entirely nude.

Going Medieval takes a look at the medieval attitude to body count. [LONG READ]

Now much more up to date … Divers have discovered 100 bottles of champagne in a 19th-Century wreck in the Baltic.


Food, Drink

And finally … Britain is obsessed with cod, haddock, salmon and tuna, so a Plymouth company is trialling fish fingers made from fish which would otherwise be discarded.

dogfish


What Happened in 1624?

Here’s our next instalment of things that happened in ..24 years of yore.

Notable Events in 1624

2 March. The English House of Commons passes a resolution making it illegal for a Member of Parliament to quit or wilfully give up his seat. Afterward, MPs who wish quit are appointed to an “office of profit”, a legal fiction to allow a resignation. It is still in force today.

13 April. Death of William Bishop, first Roman Catholic bishop after the English Reformation (b.1553)

May. The first Dutch settlers arrive in New Netherland.

July. Birth of George Fox (below), English founder of the Quakers (d.1691)

George Fox

13 August. Cardinal Richelieu is appointed by Louis XIII of France to be his chief minister, having intrigued against Charles de la Vieuville, Superintendent of Finances who was arrested for corruption the previous day.

24 August. Jasper Vinall becomes the first known person to die while playing the sport of cricket, after being struck on the head with a bat during a game at Horsted Keynes in England.

21 September. The Roman Catholic church’s Dicastery for the Clergy issues a decree that no monk may be expelled from his order “unless he be truly incorrigible”.

24 December. Denmark’s first postal service is launched by order of King Christian IV.

Unknown Date. Frans Hals produces the painting now known as The Laughing Cavalier.

Unknown Date. The German-language Luther Bible is publicly burned, by order of the Pope.

Unknown Date. Birth of a Female Greenland shark (which is still alive in 21st century).

August Quiz Answers

Here are the answers to this month’s five quiz questions. If in doubt, all should be able to be easily verified online.

History

  1. Who died near Lincoln on 28 November 1290 and was buried 17 December at Westminster Abbey?  Eleanor of Castile, wife of Edward I
  2. Which country has the world’s oldest surviving parliament?  Iceland. The Althing was established in 930 and is still Iceland’s parliament.
  3. What was ceded to Britain in 1713 as part of the settlement of the War of Spanish Succession?  Gibraltar
  4. Who was the first Merovingian King?  Clovis I (c.466-511)
  5. Roald Amundsen was the first man to reach the South Pole. What nationality was he?  Norwegian

Answers were correct when questions were compiled in late 2023.

August Quiz Questions

Each month we’re posing five pub quiz style questions, with a different subject each month. As before, they’re not difficult, but it is unlikely everyone will know all the answers – so hopefully you’ll learn something new, as well as having a bit of fun.

History

  1. Who died near Lincoln on 28 November 1290 and was buried 17 December at Westminster Abbey?
  2. Which country has the world’s oldest surviving parliament?
  3. What was ceded to Britain in 1713 as part of the settlement of the War of Spanish Succession?
  4. Who was the first Merovingian King?
  5. Roald Amundsen was the first man to reach the South Pole. What nationality was he?

Answers will be posted in 2 weeks time.

August 1924

Our look at some of the significant happenings 100 years ago this month.


1. Born. Frank Worrell, West Indies cricketer (d. 1967)


11. Lee de Forest used his experimental Phonofilm sound-on-film process to film US President Calvin Coolidge on the White House lawn; the earliest sound film footage of an American president.


12. Born. Derek Shackleton, England cricketer (d. 2007)


12. Born. Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, President of Pakistan (d. 1988)


27. American Telephone and Telegraph Company successfully transmitted a colour photograph from Chicago to New York. It took just an hour.


Monthly Links for July

Here following, this month’s links to items you didn’t know you’d missed!


Science, Technology, Natural World

…

A new colour of cat (above) has been discovered – they’re black and white, but not as we know it!

We know it’s under genetic control, and that underneath all cats are tabby, but researchers have now worked out how tabby markings on cats form.

Scientists can be quite inventive when naming species; here are few of the best, including Agra vation. [LONG READ]

One young researcher is listening to seagrass meadows in an attempt to discover the full range of their biodiversity.

Last year’s Storm Ciarán’s ruined our tea. Here’s how.

A statistician looks at how to take the perfect penalty in football.

Scientists think they’ve discovered a cave on the moon, without being there.

So just how do astronomers work out the size of the solar system, again without going there?

And why do some planets have moons and others don’t?

And still in space, how often are we actually visited by asteroids?

Is it a fossil? Is it a meteorite? No it’s a meteor-wrong! [££££]

And finally for this section, we go from space to the ocean depths … Oceanographers think they’ve found an unexpected source of oxygen on the seafloor. [££££]


Health, Medicine

Yersinia pestis (aka. plague) is, as its name implies, a pest. And it keeps plaguing humanity.

One Anthropology Professor who studies how environmental stressors affect menstrual cycles (and a lot else) gives some scientific evidence as to why she personally hates tampons.

Which leads us nicely(?!) on to …


Sexuality

Kate Lister avers that women aren’t orgasming enough through penetrative sex and men had better start understanding why. She also has a message for men on giving oral sex.

So what’s the low-down on sexual incompatibility in long-term couples?


Environment

A large water beetle has been found in Cambridgeshire after an absence of over 80 years.


History, Archaeology, Anthropology

Underneath the vineyards of Champagne is a rich hunting ground for fossils.

Why was there a population crash during the neolithic? One suggestion is plague.

How the Sumerians influenced tennis.

More research on the Antikythera mechanism suggests it followed the Greek lunar calendar.

…

Tremors when Vesuvius erupted collapsed shelter walls and crushed the victims.

Still in Pompeii, archaeologists have found an ancient construction site, undisturbed since Vesuvius’ eruption.

Now we have Going Medieval telling us all about the mendicants. [LONG READ]

In support of medieval service magicians in preference to “manifesting”. [LONG READ]

One researcher claims to have uncovered a late 16th-century secret dossier of Elizabeth I’s spy network. Clearly they’d never heard of Francis Walsingham!

Samuel Pepys, it turns out, isn’t just a diarist and government administrator on th make, but also a connoisseur of fashion.

And coming up to date … Shackleton’s ship Endurance, wrecked in the Antarctic, is to get added protection.


Lifestyle, Personal Development, Beliefs

If you’re one of the many lacking body confidence, here are some ideas which may help you attain it.

And here are some scientific tricks to keep your flower bouquets looking fresh for longer.

…


Shock, Horror, Humour, Wow!

And finally, something on Larry, Chief Mouser of Downing Street, and other political pets. But there’s no mention of Attlee, the current cat of Mr Speaker, Sir Lindsay Hoyle.

……
Larry (top) and Attlee

What Happened in 1524?

Here’s our next instalment of things that happened in ..24 years of yore.

Notable Events in 1524

17 January. Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano, on board La Dauphine, in the service of Francis I of France, sets out from Madeira for the New World, to seek out a western sea route to the Pacific Ocean.

17 April. Verrazzano’s expedition makes the first European entry into New York Bay, and sights the island of Manhattan.

August. Protestant theologians Martin Luther and Andreas Karlstadt have a theological dispute at Jena.

Martin Luther

24 December. Death of Vasco da Gama, Portuguese explorer (b. c1469).

Vasco da Gama

July 1924

Our look at some of the significant happenings 100 years ago this month.


2. Marconi described his new beam system of short-wave wireless transmission at the Royal Society of Arts in London. This could transmit more words per day than previously possible, and more economically, resulting in a general reduction in telegraph rates.


2. Portuguese Prime Minister Álvaro de Castro fought a sword duel with Flight Captain Ribeiro over a political dispute. Ribiero was wounded in the arm.


6. The first photograph is sent across the Atlantic by radio.


10. Denmark gains Greenland when Norway ends its claim.


12. The original trademark application for Kleenex was filed by Kimberly-Clark Corporation.


Monthly Links

Hello, good heatwave and welcome, to this months collection of links to items you may have missed but didn’t know you didn’t want to.


Science, Technology, Natural World

…

Against all the odds the aging spacecraft Voyager 1 is back on air and communicating intelligibly with ground control. Two items on this from Live Science and Scientific American [££££].

There are currently lots of sunspots and we’re nearing the solar cycle maximum … so the sun’s magnetic field is about to flip.

The search for a planet beyond Pluto has been going on since I was a kid, although astronomers can’t even agree Planet Nine exists, nor what they’re actually looking for.

Even so Planet Nine is amongst eight strange objects which could be hiding in the outer solar system – maybe.

Back down to Earth with a bump … Adam Kucharski asks “Can we predict who will win a football match?“.

Here’s a BBC News item about the beavers which have been reintroduced less than a mile from my house.

So it looks as if our invasive Asian Hornets have successfully overwintered here, although for some reason the government doesn’t see this as a huge problem!

They look like mini horseshoe crabs … some very rare, very ancient, three-eyed “dinosaur shrimps” (below) have suddenly emerged in Arizona.

…

How old is that termite mound? Researchers in South Africa have found 34,000-years-old termite mounds, beating the previously known oldest by 30,000 years!

Research is showing that our native wild orchids (not the tropical ones you buy in a supermarket) actually feed their seedlings through underground fungal connections. [££££]


Health, Medicine

How many of us are really aware that body organs aren’t always where they are supposed to be?

In addition you may have more body parts that you should have!

You should pay attention to your nipples – and this applies you you guys too, not just the gals – as they can tell you things about your health.

A chemist and an epidemiologist take a look at the whys and wherefores of sunscreen.

Apparently 80% of people with sleep apnoea are undiagnosed. Here’s what to look for.

Finally in this section, the little known Oropouche virus is spreading rapidly in South America; although usually mild it can cause serious complications and could become a healthcare emergency.


Sexuality

How might one start a conversation about sex with a partner or teen?

A cancer diagnosis, or indeed any serious illness, can affect how we approach sex.


Environment

…

I’m used to seeing green parakeets in my west London garden – they’re noisy, they’re quarrelsome, but they’re colourful and often comic – so how did they actually get here from India?

In good news, it seems that the Iberian Lynx, one of the world’s rarest cats, is recovering from near extinction.

…


Social Sciences, Business, Law, Politics

Kit Yates lays out why it is important for democracy that we have a numerate society.

So what are the defining characteristics of a fascist? What should we look for?


History, Archaeology, Anthropology

…

Here are five mysterious ancient artefacts which still have archaeologists puzzled, including Neolithic stone balls (above).

Elsewhere archaeologists in Spain have found some 2000 year old liquid wine. I think I’ll stick to my 2019 Rioja, thank you!

Bridging the gap to modern times, here’s Going Medieval on, well, medieval gossip.

And coming right up to date, we have an item on the world’s most improbable post offices.


Food, Drink

Scientists have developed a method for making healthier, and more sustainable, chocolate by using the parts of the cocoa pod to replace loads of sugar. But they’ve not yet been able to commercialise it.


Lifestyle, Personal Development, Beliefs

So just what is it really like to live in Antarctica?

Emma Beddington investigates a wide range of time-sucking internet rabbit holes, and suggests what one might do to avoid them!

Put that alongside Messy Nessy’s regular blog 13 Things I Found on the Internet Today, who contributes the following exemplar.

…
An 18th century CE ivory dildo complete with contrivance for simulating ejaculation and its own discreet cloth bag. Now housed at the Science Museum in London.

Some stupid tourists seem to think that wild animals are cuddlable and cute! Why?

Only the crazy British would have a stinging nettle eating competition!


Shock, Horror, Humour, Wow!

And I’ll leave you this month with two things to try to get your head round …

First, Corey S Powell suggests that, like gravitational waves or ripples in a pond, we are just ripples of information in expanding outwards space-time. I see his point but I’m still trying to work out what it means.

And finally finally, a piece of science fiction suggesting that we could live forever if we merge biologically with the fungal network. [££££]

I suspect merging those two is going to be a bit like finding a unified theory of gravity and quantum mechanics.


What Happened in 1324?

Here’s our next instalment of things that happened in ..24 years of yore.

Notable Events in 1324

8 January. Death of Marco Polo (below), Italian merchant and explorer (b.1254)

5 March. Birth of David II, King of Scotland (d.1371)

23 March. Pope John XXII excommunicates Ludwig the Bavarian, King of the Germans, for not seeking papal approval during his conflict against his rival Frederick the Fair. Ludwig, in turn, declares the Pope a heretic, because of John’s opposition to the view of Christ’s absolute poverty held by some Franciscans.

3 November. At Kilkenny in Ireland, Petronilla de Meath, the maidservant of Dame Alice Kyteler, becomes the first person in the British Isles to be burned at the stake as a witch. Dame Alice was able to escape and avoid capture.

Unknown Date. Marsilius of Padua writes Defensor pacis (The Defender of Peace), a theological treatise arguing against the power of the clergy and in favour of a secular state.

Unknown Date. William of Ockham, English Franciscan friar and philosopher, is summoned by John XXII to the papal court at Avignon and imprisoned.