Category Archives: history

history

What Happened in 825, 925, 1025

Here’s our next instalment of things that happened in ..25 years of yore.

Some Notable Events in 825

Unknown Date. Grimur Kamban allegedly becomes the first man to set foot in the Faroe Islands, and settles in Funningur, on the northwest coast of Eysturoy.Funnigur today

Unknown Date. Battle of Ellandun: King Egbert of Wessex defeats Beornwulf of Mercia near Swindon. The battle marks the end of the Mercian domination of southern England. The kingdoms of Kent, Surrey, Sussex and Essex submit to Wessex, and East Anglia acknowledges Egbert as overlord.

Unknown Date. Borobudur, a Mahayana Buddhist Temple, is completed in Central Java.

Some Notable Events in 925

15 May. Nicholas I Mystikos, twice the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, having reigned a second time since 912, dies at the age of 73.

29 June. Stephen II becomes the new Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople and head of the Eastern Orthodox Church, succeeding Nicholas I.

Unknown Date. A Fatimid expeditionary force led by Jafar ibn Obeid lands in Abruzzo, Southern Italy. They overrun Apulia all the way to the city of Otranto. After defeating the Byzantine garrisons, the Arabs lay siege to the castle of Oria. The defenders are massacred and the remainder (mostly women and children) are taken as slaves back to North Africa.

Some Notable Events in 1025

18 April. Boleslaw I the Brave is crowned in Gniezno as the first king of Poland. He takes advantage of the interregnum in Germany and receives permission for his coronation from Pope John XIX; however, he dies on 17 June.

15 December. Byzantine Emperor Basil II dies in Constantinople after a 50 year reign. Never married, he is succeeded by his brother and co-emperor Constantine VIII, who becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire.

Unknown Date. Completion and publishing of Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine.

history

May 1925

2 Comments

Our look at some of the significant happenings 100 years ago this month.

1. Cyprus became a British crown colony.

2. A US Navy seaplane set a new record by staying airborne for 28-and-a-half hours.

5. Born. Charles Chaplin, Jr, actor, in Beverly Hills, California (d.1968)

7. Died. William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme, British industrialist, philanthropist and politician (b.1851)

12. Paul von Hindenburg was sworn in as president of Germany. His inaugural address emphasised the need to place unity and mutual progress ahead of political partisanship.

12. Born. Yogi Berra, baseball player, in St Louis, Missouri (d.2015)

13. The Gold Standard Act was passed in Britain, officially returning the country to the gold standard.

14. Died. H Rider Haggard, English novelist (b.1856)

16. The first modern performance of Claudio Monteverdi’s opera Il ritorno d’Ulisse in patria (1639/40) takes place in ParisUlysses

19. Born. Malcolm X, African-American civil rights activist (d.1965)

19. Born. Pol Pot, Cambodian Stalinist dictator and leader of the Khmer Rouge (d.1998)

22. Died. John French, 1st Earl of Ypres, British World War I field marshal (b.1852)

28. Born. Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, baritone singer and conductor, in Berlin (d.2012)

environment, history, links, medical, science, sexuality

Monthly Links for April

This month’s links to items you maybe didn’t want to miss …

Science, Technology, Natural World

It’s fairly superficial, but here are 15 common science myths debunked. [LONG READ]

Robin McKie reflects on over 40 years as the Observer‘s science editor. [LONG READ]

Pharmaceutical chemist Derek Lowe takes issue with the idea that we could kill off all disease within 10 years.

Meanwhile Corey S Powell discusses why it is that extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence … [LONG READ]

… And Prof. Seirian Sumner outlines the how we might best create a more nature-literate society.

Somewhere hiding in Britain the government has a collection of deadly fungi.

The tiny and mysterious hominin Paranthropus lived alongside early members of our Homo genus. [££££]

After which it is maybe no great surprise that intelligence evolved at least twice in vertebrates. [LONG READ]

No wonder scientists have recently created the largest mammalian brain map to date. [££££]

Going back down the size scale … just how do insects and the smallest animals survive in Antarctica.

Still with insects, it turns out that flies are masters of migration, travelling huge distances.

Back up in size, a group claims to have de-extincted the Dire Wolf, but have they? Two articles (amongst the many in recent weeks): a blog post from Bethany Brookshire [LONG READ] and an op-ed from Michael Le Page in New Scientist [££££]. Spoiler: No they haven’t.

And now for something completely different … new work is finding that astronomers were wrong about Uranus and it resolves some mysteries.

Much more interestingly, astronomers are trying to work out what’s happening inside Jupiter’s volcanic moon Io.

Health, Medicine

Researchers are now beginning to understand the actual role of carbon dioxide in airborne disease transmission, and this should be a key to safer indoor spaces.

Professor of Mathematical Biology, Kit Yates, asks whether the risks of brain injury in contact sports is being overstated. [LONG READ]

Drinking urine is an ancient practice to improve health, but are the risks worth it?

Sexuality & Relationships

Dani Faith Leonard writes a review of the medical discovery of the clitoris, and takes a sideswipe at DOGE incels in the process.

Here’s a history of (not just pubic) hair removal through the ages. [LONG READ]

And then there’s a pictorial history of the “full bush”. [LONG READ]

Meanwhile a different sex writer talks about her approach to “self-pleasure”.

Now over to you boys … First off, just what is the relation of penis size to monogamy?

And when you’ve got over that shock … apparently you need to wake up to your declining fertility. [££££]

All together now … Here are some thoughts on why some marriages last while others fail.

Which brings us to various ways to improve a sexless marriage.

Social Sciences, Business, Law, Politics

Following which, this seems an opportune time to consider nine ways to spot falsehoods on the loose.

Art, Literature, Language, Music

So from a linguistics point of view apparently “she” is a very weird word. [LONG READ]

History, Archaeology, Anthropology

Archaeologists have uncovered a huge horad of Iron Age metal work; everything from cauldrons to horse harness fittings.

If you’re a Roman, how do you get a lion from Africa to York? Because a skeleton (presumably of a gladiator) in a Roman York cemetery has bite marks made by a lion and is the first physical evidence of gladiators (well people) fighting lions as sport.

History is sometimes hard to understand and interpret, but it seems Christopher Marlowe tackled the problematic Edward II.

Archaeologists in Barcelona have uncovered the remains of a wrecked medieval boat.

Mercury and weasel balls … medieval treatments so often make one doubt the sanity of ancient medicine.

Newly discovered wall paintings show off the tastes of wealthy Tudors.

And finally for this month … there’s a brouhaha over the display of a book bound in the skin of a 19th-century Suffolk murderer.

history

What Happened in 525, 625, 725

Here’s our next instalment of things that happened in ..25 years of yore.

Some Notable Events in 525

Unknown Date. King Theodoric the Great sends Pope John I to Constantinople, to negotiate a withdrawal of Byzantine emperor Justin’s edict against Arian Christianity.

Unknown Date. The Daisan river floods Edessa. The Shroud of Turin is allegedly discovered during the rebuilding of the city.

Unknown Date. Cosmas Inidicopleustes, Alexandrian explorer-geographer, travels up the Nile. He will venture as far to the east as Ceylon, become a monk, and write “Topographia Christiana” to vindicate the biblical account of the world.

Unknown Date. Dionysius Exiguus, Scythian theologian-mathematician, inaugurates the practice of using AD (Anno Domini) in Rome for calendar dates after the birth of Jesus Christ. Dionysius also produces his tables for computing the date of Cyclus Paschalis (Easter Tables).

Some Notable Events in 625

25 October. Died. Pope Boniface V dies at Rome after a 6 year reign. He is succeeded by Honorius I as the 70th pope.

Unknown Date. King Edwin of Northumbria marries Æthelburga of Kent. As a Christian, she brings her personal chaplain, Paulinus, and encourages her husband to convert to Christianity.

Unknown Date. Born. Hasan ibn Ali, grandson of Muhammad (d.670).

Some Notable Events in 725

23 April. King Wihtred of Kent dies after a 35 year reign. The kingdom is divided between his three sons: Æthelbert II as overking, Eadbert I in West Kent and Alric.

Unknown Date. Muslim forces under Anbasa ibn Suhaym al-Kalbi capture Carcassonne, which has been under Siege, as well as Nimes.

Unknown Date. Vi Xing, Chinese Buddhist monk and astronomer, applies a clockwork escapement mechanism, to provide rotating motion to his astronomical armillary sphere.

Unknown Date. Bede, Northumbrian monk-historian, writes The Reckoning of Time (De temporum ratione), explaining how to calculate medieval Easter.Manuscript Bede on Easter

history

April 1925


Our look at some of the significant happenings 100 years ago this month.

3. Born. Tony Benn, politician, in London (d.2014)

6. Died. Alexandra Kitchin, 60, British model for Lewis Carroll.Xie

10. The novel The Great Gatsby by F Scott Fitzgerald was published.

14. Died. John Singer Sargent, 69, American artist

28. Presenting the government’s budget, Chancellor of the Exchequer Winston Churchill announced Britain’s return to the gold standard.

history, links, medical, science, sexuality

Monthly Links

2 Comments

Here’s this month’s round up of links to interesting(?) items you may have missed.

Science, Technology, Natural World

Yes, everything is chemicals! Here are the first two articles in a series for reasonably intelligent non-scientists explaining from the ground up how everything is chemicals so you can navigate the modern world of misinformation.
1. Everything is chemicals – yes, even you.
2. Cyanide is natural, Aspirin is synthetic. Which one do you trust?
[LONG READS]

How to use a significant lack of data to estimate the power of the enemy.

The Blue Bus Paradox and the legal system.

American researchers are asking cat owners to share their pets’ habits and quirks (and if you’re in USA) their fur for genetics. The hope is this will shed light on how cats’ health and behaviour are influenced by their genes.

Astronomers have now discovered 128 previously unknown moons of Saturn. It begs the question: how large does a rock have to be to be called a moon.

Another big rock, the asteroid Bennu, turns out to be a lot weirder than it was thought. [££££]

And there’s another very odd small rock (below), a meteorite, which appears to be the relic of a lost planet. [££££]

Lastly in this section, Prof. Christina Pagel paints a gloomy dystopian picture of the possible future of British science.

Health, Medicine

An Australian man, who has died recently aged 88, was the most prolific blood and plasma donor in Australia ever! It is estimated that he gave blood over 1000 times.

Environment

Coyotes don’t like money. While they like green space like parks, they choose against against golf courses and cemeteries in wealthier areas.

Social Sciences, Business, Law, Politics

75 years ago an engineer turned economist, created one of the first physical models of an economy, using salvaged parts from a WWII Lancaster bomber.

Art, Literature, Language, Music

Here’s an interview with Richard Blair, about his extraordinary father George Orwell. [LONG READ]

So what and how changed the way we spoke English during the late Medieval and Early Modern periods?

History, Archaeology, Anthropology

It all happens a lot earlier than we think … 1.5 million years ago, our ancestors used hippo bones to make tools.

We all know the Venus of Willendorf, but what’s on her head? Hair? Or a hat?

Archaeologists have uncovered an unexpected Bronze Age stone circle in Derbyshire.

So why did this Iron Age culture on the Iberian Peninsula drive large nails in skulls?

London

Many strange things happened during WWII, but how did the London Underground spawn Ampersand Station?

Lifestyle, Personal Development, Beliefs

Scotland has created and certified an official tartan to honour its executed witches.

An Australian sex writer takes two personal looks at pubic hair:
1. If pubic hair is a personal choice, why do so many choose to be hairless? [LONG READ]
2. Why she’s OK with her full bush.

Wow! Ha ha!

And finally, sex researcher reports on wearing a Kim Kardashian £68 nipple bra for a week. [££££]

history

What Happened in 225, 325, 425

Here’s our next instalment of things that happened in ..25 years of yore.

Some Notable Events in 225

Unknown Date. Emperor Alexander Severus marries Sallustia Orbiana, and possibly raises her father Seius Sallustius to the rank of Caesar.

Unknown Date. The first Christian paintings appear in Rome, decorating the Catacombs.Frescos in Rome's catacombs

Some Notable Events in 325

20 May. First Council of Nicaea. Constantine I summons an ecumenical Council of bishops in Nicaea (Turkey). .

19 June. First Council of Nicaea adopts the Nicene Creed and declares that the members of the Trinity are equal. The council also decides that Easter is celebrated on the first Sunday after the first full moon after the vernal equinox.

Unknown Date. Gladiatorial combat is outlawed in the Roman Empire.

Unknown Date. The Church of the Nativity is built in Bethlehem.

Some Notable Events in 425

27 February. The University of Constantinople is founded by emperor Theodosius II at the urging of his wife Aelia Eudocias.

Summer. Roman civil war: Joannes, Roman usurper, is defeated at Ravenna and brought to Aquileia and executed.

23 October. Valentinian III, six-year-old son of Galla Placidia, is installed as emperor (Augustus) of the Western Roman Empire.

Unknown Date. Last known usage of Demotic script in Egypt.

Unknown Date. Buddhism begins to spread to Southeast Asia.

history

March 1925


Our look at some of the significant happenings 100 years ago this month.

8. The Chicago Department of Public Health announced that the present crossword puzzle fad caused no ill health effects from headaches or eye strain, as had previously been feared.

12. The British government decided to reject the Geneva Protocol.

16. A 5,000-mile high speed communications cable between the United States and Italy was officially activated by envoy to the United States Giacomo De Martino.

20. Died. George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, Viceroy of India (b.1859)

21. The first performance of the Maurice Ravel opera ballet L’enfant et les sortilèges took place in Monte Carlo.

22. Born. Gerard Hoffnung, artist and musician, in Berlin (d.1959)

25. Scottish inventor John Logie Baird publicly demonstrated the transmission of moving silhouette pictures at the London department store SelfridgesJohn Logie Baird with Televisor

25. Born. Flannery O’Connor, American writer (d.1964)

26. Born. Pierre Boulez, French composer (d.2016)

31. The Bauhaus closes in Weimar and moves to a building in Dessau designed by Walter Gropíus.

environment, history, links, medical, science

Monthly Links

This month’s collection of links to items you may have missed the firs time around.

Science, Technology, Natural World

A new theory suggests humans might not be that special in the universe after all.

A new asteroid has been found and it might hit us in 2032, but the odds keep changing as it’s orbit is refined by new observations.

A different asteroid has been found to possibly contain the building block of life.

At the other end of the size spectrum … There’s a whole world of tiny “organisms”, smaller than viruses, out there; but do they constitute life? [££££]

This is a few months old, but the Asian Southern Giant Hornet (Vespa soror) has found its way to Europe. That’s a third species: it’s not the Yellow Legged Hornet (Vespa velutina) now widespread in Europe; nor the Northern Giant Hornet (Vespa mandarinia) which has hit NW USA. [££££]

Studying babies’ minds [££££] [LONG READ] is prompting a rethink of consciousness, and maybe explains why we can’t remember our lives as babies or toddlers.

Health, Medicine

Contrary to the naysayers, we know exactly what’s in vaccines because we put it there.

Researchers using mice have found a surprising link between menthol and Alzheimer’s Disease.

It seems that it may be possible that aching joints really can predict the weather.

Sexuality

I thought we already knew that, although still taboo, masturbation really can be good for you.

Social Sciences, Business, Law, Politics

Following a recent spate of accidents, it looks as if planes are crashing more often. But are they really?

Art, Literature, Language, Music

Amongst his other achievements Leonardo da Vinci made some incredible studies of human anatomy, but they are still not getting the recognition they deserve. [LONG READ]

History, Archaeology, Anthropology

In Egypt, archaeologists have found the 3,500 year-old tomb of a missing pharaoh.

New research suggests that most Europeans had dark skin until less than 3000 years ago. [££££]

Thanks to ever-improving technology, researchers have got the first glimpse inside a 2000-year-old scroll from Herculaneum.

In London some of the earliest parts of the Roman city’s basilica have been found in an office basement.

Meanwhile a new study has found evidence suggesting the ownership of Scotland’s Viking-age Galloway Hoard.

The Oakington Women: A collection of extraordinary female burials in sixth-century Cambridge is evidence of a matriarchal society.

In West Sussex the discovery of a medieval toilet has helped uncover lost home of the England’s last Anglo-Saxon King.

What we choose to remember from the past can give a radically different picture from the contemporary reality.

A potted biography of Samuel Pepys. [LONG READ]

Lifestyle, Personal Development, Beliefs

And finally (yes, pun intended) … knowing the common signs that someone is dying can help in their final days.

history

What Happened in 125BC, 25BC, AD25, AD125

Here’s our next instalment of things that happened in ..25 years of yore.

Some Notable Events in 125 BC

Unknown Date. In Rome, Marcus Fulvius Flaccus proposes the extension of Roman citizenship to the northern Italians, but the Senate reacts by sending him off to deal with disturbances around Massilia – and in so doing, commences the conquest of Transalpine Gaul.

Unknown Date. Completion of Aqua Tepula aqueduct in Rome.Aqua Tepula aqueduct

Some Notable Events in 25 BC

Unknown Date. Imperator Caesar Augustus becomes Consul for the ninth time. His partner is Marcus Junius Silanus.

Unknown Date. The temple to Neptune on the Circus Flaminius is built.

Unknown Date. Rome, capital of the Roman Empire, becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from Chang’an, capital of China.

Some Notable Events in AD 25

Unknown Date. Emperor Tiberius settles a dispute between Messenia and Sparta over the Ager Dentheliales on Mount Taygetus.

Unknown Date. Died. Lucius Antonius, grandson of Mark Antony (b.20 BC).

Some Notable Events in AD 125

Unknown Date. The Pantheon is constructed (in Rome) as it stands today, by Hadrian.

Unknown Date. Emperor Hadrian establishes the Panhellenion.

Unknown Date. Hadrian distributes imperial lands to small farmers.

Unknown Date. Plague sweeps North Africa in the wake of a locust invasion that destroys large areas of cropland. The plague kills as many as 500,000 in Numidia and possibly 150,000 on the coast before moving to Italy, where it takes so many lives that villages and towns are abandoned.

Unknown Date. Zhang Heng of Han dynasty China invents a hydraulic-powered armillary sphere.

Unknown Date. The Satires of Juvenal intimate that bread and circuses (panem et circenses) keep the Roman people happy.

Unknown Date. Pope Telesphorus succeeds Pope Sixtus I as the eighth pope according to Roman Catholic tradition.