Our monthly look at what happened 100 years ago.
On this day, 31 July …

Our monthly look at what happened 100 years ago.
On this day, 31 July …

We bring you this month’s action-packed collection of links to items you may have missed.
Science, Technology, Natural World
When cells divide how do they accurately copy their DNA once, and only once? [LONG READ]

Bats in the UK harbour coronaviruses; none apparently immediately dangerous to us, but we need to know more.
China has a mysterious wildcat, but is the Chinese Mountain Cat actually a discrete species? [££££]
On the Byzantine labyrinths that make up a cat’s nose. [££££]
In potentially good news there’s a plan to establish the UK’s first feline blood bank.
Octopuses change their skin patterns while sleeping, which suggests that they may be dreaming.

If insects actually have memories, it seems they may not survive across metamorphosis. [LONG READ]
Scientists have discovered a species of palm that flowers and fruits only underground, but they don’t yet understand how it is pollinated.
Health, Medicine
It seems that we have a gene which prevents most bird flu viruses from infecting us.
Nightmare Warning … There’s an unidentified something which causes a green hairy tongue – luckily it’s benign, just disturbing.
Sexuality
In a possible explanation of why vibrators are so effective, researchers have discovered neurons in the clitoris and penis which are especially sensitive to vibration. [££££]
One couple talk about sex in their mid-70s.
Social Sciences, Business, Law, Politics
One tax specialist is of the opinion that the UK’s Office of Budget Responsibility (OBR) has a completely erroneous view of the economy. [LONG READ]
Art, Literature, Language, Music
Some rarely seen Holbein sketches of the Tudor court are going on display later this year at the Queen’s Gallery.

When the fantasy world wants a pest do they always choose rats?
History, Archaeology, Anthropology
Pendants made from bits of giant sloth indicate that humans settled in the Americas a lot earlier than previously thought.
At the same time archaeologists believe they’ve found the USA’s oldest stone tools to date. [LONG READ]
Back in the UK a rare Neolithic polissoir has been found hiding in plain sight in Dorset.
Pyramids and other remains have been discovered off the western tip of Cuba.

The Carnyx, a brass musical instrument, was used as a psychological weapon of war by the ancient Celts.

Pompeii continues to provide surprises. In a current excavation archaeologists are uncovering a building containing a bakery oven (above), courtyard, a fountain and a number of frescos including one of what has (jokingly) been described as an early pizza (below).

The story of Salisbury’s Medieval Giant.
London
London’s Hyde Park was once the playground of Tudor and Stuart monarchs, courtiers, and the upper echelons of society. [LONG READ]
There’s a hidden world underneath Waterloo Station, which is being revealed on its 175th anniversary prior to redevelopment.
Food, Drink
The Guardian‘s food writer, Felicity Cloake, looks at a few food rules and suggests they can be safely ignored.
Rachel Roddy recreates that Pompeii “pizza” (see above).
Do we need to be worrying about the sweetener aspartame in diet drinks? Spoiler: probably not. [LONG READ]
Lifestyle, Personal Development, Beliefs
A ramble around body hair and hairless bodies through the ages.
Shock, Horror, Humour, Wow!
And finally, please enjoy some highlights from this year’s Finnish Hobbyhorse Championships.

[LONG POST]
I’ve been thinking, again, about naturism & nudity, and our attitudes towards it.
As many here will know, I had a somewhat bohemian upbringing in the 1950/60s.
OK so like all teenagers I went through the phase of not wanting to be parading around the school changing rooms in the nude. But I don’t think I was worse than average about this, and indeed probably less so. And from the time I was a student it has bothered me not one iota. As soon as I had a student room to myself I slept in the nude, and have continued to do so ever since (barring the odd occasion in hospital) – I don’t even possess a pair of pyjamas, and haven’t done for 30 years or more!
Now I spend as much time as possible in the nude when at home. At this time of year, when it’s warm, I will don a pair of shorts if I have to go further than 6 feet from the back door, if I have to answer the door, or there is anyone other than N in the house. I wear clothes to cover other people’s embarrassment. I’m naturally warm (the blubber helps) so even in winter I’ll mostly wear a t-shirt and lounging bottoms – you know it’s really cold if I put on a sweater and socks. Sure it helps that we have a naturally warm house; and no, we don’t run the heating 24/7 or on a high temperature – the thermostat is set at about 20°.C and the timer is still set as it was when we were working: on for a few hours morning and evening.
Why do I do this? Well firstly because I find it comfortable; not that I find clothes particularly uncomfortable. Secondly, it is more ecologically sound: fewer clothes to buy (I have a wardrobe full and need few now I’m not working), and less washing (less water, detergent, energy used). And thirdly because it is healthier: the more fresh air one gets to body parts, especially sticky/icky ones, the better they are; less itchy etc. Overall it just feels right and natural. If it was good enough for Benjamin Franklin, who took a daily “air bath” it’s good enough for me.
Given all that, I struggle to understand why most people have issues with nudity. It seems to be no more than conditioning, originally imposed by patriarchal religion. Religions in general imposed clothing as the norm because they perceived it as reducing sexuality (wrong!) and wanting to keep the populous under control. So of course political entities from Lords of the Manor to national governments were going to jump on the bandwagon. This in turn has engendered a self-perpetuating prudishness. As author Mokokoma Mokhonoana has said “It’s the invention of clothes, not nature, that made ‘private parts’ private”.
No, don’t come at me with “But it’ll corrupt the children”, because it won’t. As I’ve written here before British Naturism have looked at this in some depth and concluded it will do the opposite of “corrupting” children. They’re even backed by child psychologist Lee Salk (1926-1992) who observed [McCall’s magazine, June 1976]:
Being natural and matter-of-fact about nudity prevents your children from developing an attitude of shame or disgust about the human body. If parents are very secretive about their bodies and go to great lengths to prevent their children from ever seeing a buttock or breast, children will wonder what is so unusual, and even alarming, about human nudity.
And research by academic Keon West has also found that nudity generally improves body image.
Naturally, people from ancient times onwards have wanted some form of clothing – anything from an animal skin to a fleecy nylon onesie – for warmth, when needed. But that doesn’t account for the need to wear a bikini or speedos on a boiling hot Caribbean beach (or in the swimming pool, or gym).

So where, and why, is there a problem? Why in these more liberal times can we not throw off the shackles of prudishness and patriarchal religion? What can we do to shift our thinking and quell our hang-ups?
I recall in the mid-1970s, when I was a Resident Tutor at university and sitting on a university accommodation committee, there was a move not just for mixed student residences but mixed corridors in the residences. A couple of the older Accommodation Office staff had apoplexy; while the students and I all said “Where’s the problem?”. Students can lock their doors; there are doors on the toilet cubicles, the bath and at least a curtain on the shower (which could easily be made to fasten at both sides, or be replaced by a door). I don’t know if his was implemented as I left at the end of that academic year, but it was a big step to even be discussing it in 1975/6.
So while it is not the full answer, and not something which could be instituted overnight, I’ve long been in favour of not just mixed sports but mixed changing rooms. When I was a student I regularly played squash against girls of my acquaintance (boys too). I remember thinking then how daft it was that at the courts there were two changing rooms (male & female), each comfortably sized for maybe six or eight people but each invariably being used by only one or two at a time. How much more efficient to combine the changing rooms to make one space for eight, with just one loo and one shower cubicle. Moreover I feel morally certain that the girls would have a civilizing influence on the less savoury habits of the male (think smelly socks and sports bags).
Why could this not be extended to all changing rooms? And make swimming pools & gyms “costumes optional”? Really, where is the problem. What do you mean “It’s not nice!”; “It would be a rampant orgy” or “There’ll be two rapes an hour”? That’s just rubbish. Think about it …
Yes, of course we would have toilet cubicles with doors, and maybe even a few cubicles for those who feel an overwhelming need for modesty when changing (transgender people in transition, perhaps). Beyond that where is the need? Really?
OK I’ll buy that it would be strange at first and take time for people to become accustomed; but over time, as younger generations are increasingly brought up this way, and the rest of us adjust, it would be a natural part of life. Think how the Scandinavians find mixed saunas perfectly normal.
And from there it would be only a short step to the acceptance of public nudity as a lifestyle choice.
This month’s selection of quotations encountered.
War against a foreign county only happens when the moneyed classes think they are going to profit from it.
[George Orwell]
One of the most cowardly things ordinary people do is to shut their eyes to facts.
[CS Lewis]
Some people have no idea what they’re doing, and a lot of them are really good at it.
[George Carlin]
When I was 15, I spent a month working on an archaeological dig. I was talking to one of the archaeologists one day during our lunch break and he asked those kinds of ‘getting to know you’ questions you ask young people: Do you play sports? What’s your favourite subject? And I told him, no I don’t play any sports. I do theatre, I’m in choir, I play the violin and piano, I used to take art classes. And he went WOW. That’s amazing! And I said, “Oh no, but I’m not any good at ANY of them.”
And he said something then that I will never forget and which absolutely blew my mind because no one had ever said anything like it to me before: “I don’t think being good at things is the point of doing them. I think you’ve got all these wonderful experiences with different skills, and that all teaches you things and makes you an interesting person, no matter how well you do them.”
And that honestly changed my life. Because I went from a failure to someone who hadn’t been talented enough at anything to excel, to someone who did things because I enjoyed them. I had been raised in such an achievement-oriented environment, so inundated with
the myth of Talent, that l thought it was only worth doing things you could “Win” at.
[Kurt Vonnegut]
If you make people think they’re thinking, they’ll love you; but if you really make them think, they‘ll hate you.
[Don Marquis]
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do the day after tomorrow just as well.
[Mark Twain]
It is paradoxical, yet true, to say, that the more we know, the more ignorant we become in the absolute sense, for it is only through enlightenment that we become conscious of our limitations. Precisely one of the most gratifying results of intellectual evolution is the continuous opening up of new and greater prospects.
[Nikola Tesla]
Books say: She did this because. Life says: She did this. Books are where things are explained to you; life is where things aren’t. I’m not surprised some people prefer books.
[Julian Barnes]
What spirit is so empty and blind, that it cannot recognize the fact that the foot is more noble than the shoe, and skin more beautiful than the garment with which it is clothed?
[Michelangelo]
Yes, reason has been a part of organized religion, ever since two nudists took dietary advice from a talking snake.
[Jon Stewart]
It’s the invention of clothes, not nature, that made “private parts” private.
[Mokokoma Mokhonoana]
Here are the answers to this month’s five quiz questions. If in doubt, all should be able to be easily verified online.
July Quiz Questions: Medical
Answers were correct when questions were compiled in late 2022.
This year our Ten Things column each month is concentrating on science and scientists.
Where a group is described as “great” or “important” this is not intended to imply these necessarily the greatest or most important, but only that they are up there amongst the top flight.
Top Poisons
Great minds discuss ideas; average minds discuss events; small minds discuss people.
[Eleanor Roosevelt]
Again this year we’re beginning each month with five pub quiz style questions, with a different subject each month. They’re not difficult, but it is unlikely everyone will know all the answers, so hopefully you’ll learn something new, as well as have a bit of fun.
July Quiz Questions: Medical
Answers will be posted in 2 weeks time.
| Thu 1 | Well that really was a bit of a slog. But we pretty much got there. |
| Fri 2 | #000000;" />Last of the proceeds from the smokery. Smoked duck breast. In salad with lettuce, tomato, asparagus, pine nuts & croutons; served with a lemon & olive oil dressing. Followed by raspberries and cream. Washed down with a bottle of Falanghina. A passable Friday evening repast.![]() |
| Sat 3 | Just watched a 10 minute film To Scale: TIME on YouTube demonstrating the age of the universe. And one has to wonder what really is the point, and why do we bother? |
| Sun 4 | What a lovely day. And the gardener came. So the place looks a bit tidier, except for the deliberately unmown lawn which looks like what it is: a scruffy meadow. Pottering in and out and took a few photos.![]() ![]() |
| Mon 5 | Oooo … next door’s marmalade cat so nearly got that squirrel – despite looking heavily pregnant. |
| Tue 6 | Mid-afternoon and the garden is awash with juvenile tits, some still being fed by parents. They were going everywhere; continually flitting hither and yon; and little clubs of then in a couple of places just hanging out. Half a dozen Blue Tits and as many Great Tits – and that’s just what I counted; there could well have been twice that. Plus a couple of sparrows joining in. |
| Wed 7 | Somewhere in the house there are three cats. But I’ve no idea where as I’ve hardly seen anything of them all day. Rosie appeared for a share of our lunch – no change there. Tilly and Boy have put in the odd guest appearance but no more. Other days they’ll all three be in and around all day. |
| Thu 8 | I blogged about the roses in our garden, but having walked round today I realised that we have both wheat and barley growing amongst the unmown lawn. Just a couple of ears of barley and a couple of dozen wheat, so not enough to make bread or beer. But they’ll not go to waste; if they don’t feed us they’ll feed the birds or mice. I guess they’re seed that got lost from the bird feeders last autumn. |
| Fri 9 | So why are there feathers on the dining room rug? Which cat is the villain? They’re dark and small, so probably sparrow. But there’s no sign of a corpse. |
| Sat 10 | It’s a wonderful hot sunny day, but sadly annoying on several counts. First I can’t sit outside because of my hayfever, even having had my usual antihistamine my eyes are streaming; guess that’s some part down to the unmown prairie called a lawn. There’s continual noise of someone, somewhere strimming or the like. And of course the neighbours are all sitting outside talking. One in particular never stops; never draws breath; it just the rivers of babble-on. |
| Sun 11 | Bad light stopped play this afternoon, and despite much stomach rumbling in the gods, nobody thought to provide any rain. |
| Mon 12 | Another hot and sticky day; lots of thunder in the afternoon and about 30 minutes light rain. And for once nothing in the schedule which had to be done – not that this stopped the day going tits up fairly early on. |
| Tue 13 | A new book available from the literary society. So I spend all afternoon consolidating payments, packing and posting. It’s a thankless job, made worse when Royal Mail’s online postage system doesn’t work properly. |
| Wed 14 | It’s uncomfortably hot, even for me. So I spend the day indoors without clothing (not unusual). Can’t sit outside as the pollen gets my hayfever going withing minutes – itchy, watering eyes mostly, despite daily antihistamine and regular eyedrops. Very annoying, especially as I’ve had hayfever since I was about 6 years old. |
| Thu 15 | The gardener comes this morning. Oh! No, the gardener comes after lunch. I see … The gardener comes not; he’s tied up sorting some leaky plumbing for another customer. I wonder if Saturday will bring more luck? |
| Fri 16 | Phew! What a day. Who would think that a trip to the hospital to get new hearing aids would be so tiring? OK, so it was a hot day; but audiology appointmnets aren’t invasive or threatening, they’re actually quite benign. It’s all the hassle around it that’s so draining: from middle of the night hypos, to early supermarket deliveries and getting taxis. But we won! |
| Sat 17 | The gardener actually got here this afternoon and did some planting and tidying. At he same time we spent a nice few hours outside as well, doing some potting, fixing the watering system, and getting some sun (but not sunburn!). Sent the gardener away happy with a couple of chilli plants and some homegrown coleus. |
| Sun 18 | Weatherman speak with forked tongue, again. Instead of thundery showers, we managed just 30 minutes desultory drizzle, which is no good at all for the garden. |
| Mon 19 | A day marking time; no physical or mental go. |
| Tue 20 | Today is Tuesday 20 June 2023, and that’s not something you can say every day. |
| Wed 21 | Day 3. Hill. Jelly. Treacle. Toothpicks. Rinse and repeat. Why are washing machines so endlessly boring? |
| Thu 22 | Last evening there was a lovely crescent moon (apparently 14% illuminated) and Venus in the western sky just after sunset (like my sketch below). More please!![]() |
| Fri 23 | How is it that a friend you knew as a teenager when you were newly married is now celebrating their 60th? Even if I accept that I’m a geriatric, the friend in question certainly isn’t 60 already. Tempus fugit velociter. |
| Sat 24 | Sad to be missing the friend’s 60th birthday bash – and her younger son’s 21st too – but N and I still don’t feel comfortable and safe in large indoor gatherings. And although it’s only been 28°C today, with the humidity thrown in, it is just too hot to get dressed up. |
| Sun 25 | Shortly after 06:00 this morning our resident fox was still on the prowl. And right up by the trail camera so we got a good shot of the top half as he/she was so close. We’ve had this fox around all year, and I think it may be the only one we now have; at most we have two; whereas we did have at least three individuals (although they’re difficult to differentiate from poor night-time trail camera images). And boy are they a good disposal system: put out a plate of scraps (chicken carcass, cold baked potato, disliked digestive biscuits, lamb bones) and it all magically disappears during the night.![]() |
| Mon 26 | I’ve been saying for some time that I’d revamp the Anthony Powell London tour I originally did as part of the 2011 conference. I started on the rewrite a couple of months ago and put it down, as one does. Today was the day to find all the ends and tuck them in. Several hours later and the tour notes are done, complete with street-by-street navigation. At 20 pages this version is twice the size of the previous one, and is definitely not a coach tour as it includes places you’d not want to try to get a 50 seater coach! The notes have been sent off to my friendly local black cabbie (who does lots of tours of London) for comment. It’ll be interesting to see what I’ve got wrong! |
| Tue 27 | Technology. When it works it can be a real benefit and a time saver. When, all too frequently, it doesn’t work it’s a complete PITA and wastes so much time. Spent and unhappy afternoon fighting with Royal Mail’s on line system and, separately, the phone system. I think I won the former but definitely didn’t win the latter. Came away feeling totally smacked. |
| Wed 28 | So in the end we did something we’ve not done since the before times and ordered in pizza. |
| Thu 29 | Still at least I didn’t drown in the shower. Had I done so it would have been all of a piece with the rest of the day. |
| Fri 30 | On a wonderfully damp evening I’ll leave you with something cheerful: the flowers on our recently acquired scented geraniums.![]() |