Category Archives: natural history

Oddity of the Week: Bats

Bats roost in big groups in caves. Wrong! If you’re a Hardwicke’s woolly bat, you prefer to sleep in a more luxurious — and private — place.
Kerivoula hardwickii roosts inside tropical pitcher plants. These carnivorous plants usually attract insects, but Nepenthes hemsleyana lacks the scents that others have, so few bugs are lured in. Instead, it benefits from the faeces of this tiny bat, which provides more than a third of its nitrogen and may be crucial to the plant’s survival.
These bats found a niche that no-one else was occupying; they are the only bat species known to roost in pitcher plants.


To take [the image above, and others] Merlin Tuttle waded through tropical forest peat swamps on Borneo. Once he had found an occupied plant, he would spend a few hours taming a bat before snapping it from his portable studio, which provided protection from heavy rains. “It only takes a small fraction of a second for a bat to either enter or emerge, so capturing the action at just the right moment is a real challenge,” says Tuttle.
Within a few days, the bats had learned to bump against his nose when they wanted him to give them some mealworms. “We were quite amazed at the intelligence of such tiny animals,” Tuttle says. “Contrary to common misconceptions, bats in general are gentle, highly intelligent and trainable.”
It is the fact that wild bats are so easily trainable that really struck me!
From New Scientist, 21 February 2015 and at www.newscientist.com/article/mg22530090.100-tiny-bat-makes-home-in-a-carnivorous-plant.htm.

Weekly Photograph

This week, another photograph I took some years ago. This Red Shoveller Duck, a native of South America, was part of the collection at Kew Gardens. I love those spotted feathers!

Click the image for larger views on Flickr
Red Shoveller Duck
Red Shoveller Duck
Kew Gardens; June 2008

Oddity of the Week: Frilled Shark

‘Living fossil’ caught in Australia
A group of fishermen got a bit of a shock when they pulled a rare Frilled shark out of the water.
The Frilled Shark, Chlamydoselachus anguineus, which looks like a cross between an eel and a shark, was caught near Lakes Entrance in Victoria in water 700m deep.
It was estimated to be around 2m in length. The common name of Frilled Shark comes from its six frill-like gill slits, the first pair of which meet across the throat, giving the appearance of a collar. It’s seldom seen, and may capture prey by bending its body and lunging forward like a snake.
The origins of the species are thought to date back 80 million years.


Simon Boag, of the South East Trawl Fishing Association (SETFA), told ABC News: “It has 300 teeth over 25 rows, so once you’re in that mouth, you’re not coming out. I don’t think you would want to show it to little children before they went to bed”.
He added that it was the first time in living memory that the species has been seen alive by humans.

From Practical Fishkeeping, www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk.

Word: Gynandromorph

Gynandromorph
An organism that contains both male and female characteristics.
The term is mainly used in the field of entomology where butterflies occasionally occur displaying both male and female characteristics because of sexual dimorphism.
A gynandromorph can have bilateral asymmetry, one side female and one side male, or they can be mosaic, a case in which the two sexes aren’t defined as clearly (as in the calico lobster below).
As well as insects, cases of gynandromorphism have also been reported in crustaceans, especially lobsters, in birds and very occasionally in mammals.


Gynandromorph is derived from the Greek gyne female + andro male + morph form.
Note that gynandromorphism is different from hermaphroditism where only male and female reproductive organs are present as in, for example, some slugs and snails.

Oddity of the Week: Eggs

It isn’t just birds that lay eggs, in fact there are far more egg-laying species than there are placental mammals. So naturally the eggs vary a lot and can be quite weird …
Birds
There are over 50 breeds of chicken and the colour of their eggs is dictated by genetics. All eggs start out white and any pigment is deposited during the egg’s 26-hour journey through the hen’s oviduct. What’s more, you can often predict what colour a chicken egg will be by the hen’s earlobes. (Bet you didn’t know hens even had earlobes!)


Leghorn chickens lay white eggs and have white earlobes, while chickens with red earlobes lay brown-shelled eggs — but of course there are exceptions. Araucanas lay blue-shelled eggs and when you cross them with a breed that has eggs of a different colour the dominant blue-shell gene makes the resulting eggs blue, pink or even green.
The tinamou (an ostrich relative) may have evolved bright turquoise eggs to attract other females and encourage them to lay their eggs nearby, creating a sort of safety-in-numbers strategy for avoiding predators. Curiously the tinamou’s eggs are also as shiny as Christmas ornaments.
And cassowaries have bright, almost fluorescent, green eggs.
Insects
The green lacewing creates a silky stalk on which it hangs its eggs. This keeps the lacewing larvae safe from predators — and cannibals. The insect also coats the stalks with a chemical defence against ants.
Many butterflies and moths lay beautifully sculpted and shaped eggs, like this owl butterfly egg …

Sharks
The horn shark has a spiral-shaped egg which looks like a natural drill bit and allows the mother shark to screw the egg case into hard crevices making it tough for predators to get them.

The egg cases of other sharks and rays — often called mermaid’s purses — come in a variety of shapes from sculpted flatfish-like to ravioli shapes. These egg cases are not like birds’ eggs in that the case is porous with both water and oxygen able to flow through to the growing embryo.
Based on Weird Animal Question of the Week: Oddest Eggs of the Animal Kingdom.

Oddity of the Week: Blue Honey

French beekeepers were recently shocked when their bees started producing thick, blue and green honey.
After investigating, they discovered their bees were feeding on the colourful shells of M&Ms — a Mars processing plant was located just 4 km away.
The Mars waste-processing plant has now solved the problem and are cleaning any outdoor or uncovered containers that M&M waste was stored in, so it’s unlikely you’ll see the blue honey on the market any time soon.


As Reuters reports, the unsellable honey is a new issue for the beekeepers, who are already struggling with high bee mortality rates and dwindling honey supplies.
From http://sciencealert.com.au/news/20142405-25561.html

Weekly Photograph

In this week’s photographs we bring you the world of Beatrix Potter …
We were in the village of East Carleton, just outside Norwich, the other day visiting my mother. Driving slowly through the village we came across Jemima Puddleduck with eleven quite well grown ducklings meandering slowly along the verge. We stopped the car and I took their portraits from the passenger seat.
Mother looked like a Aylesbury-Mallard cross; white like an Aylesbury but only Mallard size. There were four white and seven “tabby” ducklings. The ducklings were quite fearless, and once we stopped the car they were happy nosing around just inches from the wheels — until mother called them to come away. All the while they were making little chirping noises at each other and clearly enjoying the lovely wet day.
Here’s Jemima Puddleduck herself …

Click the images for larger views on Flickr
Jemima Puddleduck 3
Jemima Puddleduck 3
East Carleton, May 2014

And here are some of the ducklings …
Ducklings 2
Ducklings 2
East Carleton, May 2014

And another with mother in the background …
Mother & Ducklings 1
Mother & Ducklings 1
East Carleton, May 2014

Your Interesting Links

More interesting items you may have missed. Lots of science and medicine curiosities in this edition, but its should all be accessible to the non-scientist.
Who thinks mathematics is boring? You won’t when you see the beauty of mathematics in pictures! I’m definitely worried about image four.


Chemicals have a bad name. Wrongly! Manmade or natural, tasty or toxic, they’re all chemicals.
Shifting to the zoo-world, here’s a piece on the curious and improbable tale of flatfish evolution.
Beaver! No not that sort! Honestly your minds! I’m talking about the beavers that have been reintroduced to Scotland, and which are doing well.
Concrete jungle. Yes, it certainly is a jungle out there. Our cities, yes even the most urban and built-up parts of them, can be important wildlife habitat.
Bananas are in trouble and we don’t have a solution to save our favourite fruit. Oh and they’re quite an interesting plant too.
All our food is toxic, innit. Actually, no. But here’s why the fear, uncertainty and doubt are far too easy to believe, and how to counteract it.
On the continuing saga of why chocolate is good for us, but just not in the form you like it.
Five-a-day doesn’t add up. It’s not all marketing hype, except when the arithmetic is wrong.
Turnips. The humble vegetable that terrorised the Romans and helped industrialise Britain.
What do you mean you thought apples grew on trees? Well, OK, they do but originally not the trees you thought. An interesting piece on saving the wild ancestor of modern apples.

Farting well? It could mean you have a good healthy collection of gut microbes.
Just don’t read this next story over dinner. It seems we eat parasites more than we realise.
And another that’s definitely not safe for mealtime reading … A long read on some of the work going on behind faecal transplants, and how they’re being so successful in treating stubborn illnesses.
Lads, here are three cardinal rules from a urologist about care of your plumbing.
Phew! So now let’s leave the scientific and medical behind us and more on.
Naturism is the practice of going without clothes — and it’s not shameful, embarrassing or ridiculous.
Still on naturism, here’s one young lady’s experience of being clothes free at home.
image6

And here are some more views on the way the new Nordic sex laws are making prostitutes feel less, not more, safe.
From
Vagina in the workplace — a story. The closing ideal has to be a good way forward, surely.
Changing tack (yes, OK, about time!) here’s part five of the ongoing series from a black cab driver about Waterloo Station. OK, hands up, how many of you knew it was a war memorial?
And finally, the BBC have unearthed a box of forgotten letters sent from occupied France during WWII. See you never know what’s in that dusty box in the attic!

Oddity of the Week: Drinking Party

On the edge of a forest track, I crouched briefly to admire some lovely red campions.
But as I stood up, a can of Special Brew plummeted to the ground from somewhere above me. I looked up, half-expecting to see a jeering gang of adolescent boys, only to catch sight of a grey squirrel scampering up a nearby tree. He was carrying another can of the iconic beverage, so distinctive in its unique gold and crimson livery.
Was it a heat-induced mirage, I wondered? Had the crazy weather finally got to me? No: Sarah had seen the squirrel too, and pointed the animal out as he clambered into the canopy. We wondered if he might be using the can as building material for a drey — perhaps he’d picked up a tip from watching Grand Designs.


On closer inspection, we could make out three more squirrels together among the branches, and noticed several more empties at the base of the trunk — someone must have thrown them away. When the first squirrel reached his friends, he perched the can horizontally so that the dregs started to spill out. All four vied to drink the beer, arguing and scrapping noisily over this not-quite-amber nectar. One of his mates scrambled down the trunk to select another can from the ground. The squirrel was about to take a swig … when he noticed us for the first time. He alerted the trio above with his distinctive chirping alarm call, and the whole gang scarpered. Suddenly it was just us again, and that pile of tinnies.
I was telling a friend about our close encounter of the furry kind a few days later, who mentioned that he’d once seen a squirrel slurping out of a Coke can. He’d assumed that it was because of the sugars in the drink, and thought the same could be true of beer … the incident certainly provoked a few chuckles. We’d seen a young gang of 21st-century invaders out boozing, scavenging empties that could well have been left by wayward teens.
From: Stu Bullen; “The Booze Brothers”; BBC Wildlife Magazine; March 2014

Ten Things #3

Here’s my March list of Ten Things.
10 Birds I see regularly in my Garden:

  1. House Sparrow
  2. Starling
  3. Blackbird
  4. Goldfinch
  5. Ring-Neck Parakeet
  6. Chaffinch
  7. Robin
  8. Great Tit
  9. Greenfinch
  10. Blue Tit

In fact we do so well for birds I might have to do another list of ten sometime later.