This is number five in my series of articles on depression — my depression. They are written from a very personal perspective; they are my views of how I see things working and what it feels like on the inside. Your views and experiences may be vastly different. My views and experiences are not necessarily backed by scientific evidence or current medical opinion. These articles are not medical advice or treatment pathways. If you think you have a problem then you should talk to your primary care physician.

Questions & Answer
In the course of writing these posts I’ve collected a small number of articles which throw some interesting lights on various aspects of depression. I’ve already mentioned some, but this post is to try to gather some of the others together.
The first is a quote from The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, mind, and body in the healing of trauma by Bessel van der Kolk

If your parents’ faces never lit up when they looked at you, it’s hard to know what it feels like to be loved and cherished.

Now that’s a fairly telling statement and if, like me, it fits your childhood then any wonder we get depressed.
This next is a link to a cartoon, about just how badly we treat the mentally ill (not just the depressed but I guess it happens to us more as our illness isn’t always so apparent). So what would it be like if physical illness were treated as we treat depression.
And now a short animated video which explains a little of the science behind depression but also highlights, perhaps, how little we really know.
Unfortunately research into depression struggles to attract funding in a way which would not be tolerated for, say, cancer. This Scientific American article demonstrates how important it is to change this especially now that useful technologies are becoming available. For those who don’t want to read the whole article here are a few key comments.

If the extent of human suffering were used to decide which diseases deserve the most medical attention, then depression would be near the top of the list.
[…]
[A]lthough depression is common, it is often ignored. Three-quarters of people with depression in the United Kingdom go undiagnosed or untreated — and even if the disorder is diagnosed, today’s medications will work well for only about half of those who seek help.
[…]
Research into depression … seems to have floundered.
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Although … extra money would have solved some challenges earlier, the technology needed to crack others — by probing the brain and analysing its circuits, for example — is only now emerging.
[…]
[A]nother major factor is the long-standing stigma associated with depression. Many people still do not acknowledge that it is a legitimate condition … A large proportion of people believe depression is just something that we all feel … They think you should pull your socks up and get back to work.

One thing which seems to be common to most depressives is sleep disruption in some form, whether that is a disrupted or inappropriate sleep pattern or just plain old insomnia. But there may be some distant hope as scientists seem to be homing in on disrupted circadian rhythms being the underlying cause.

Disrupted sleep is so commonly a symptom of depression that some of the first things doctors look for in diagnosing depression are insomnia and excessive sleeping … scientists have observed for the first time a dysfunctional body clock in the brains of people with depression.
[…]
People with major depression … show disrupted circadian rhythms across brain regions.
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[G]ene activity in the brains of depressed people failed to follow healthy 24-hour cycles. They seem to have the sleep cycle both shifted and disrupted.

The article goes on to explain how looking at the brains of dead but non-depressed people the scientists could pinpoint the time of death from how various genes were switched on or off. This was impossible with depressed subjects whose clocks were both shifted and disrupted. It isn’t simple as there are many genes involved, but variations in the gene expression could potentially cause all sorts of different sleep pattern disruptions.
Here are two more articles on sleep and depression. This first Sleep and Depression is a fairly simple explanation of the sleep disruption you may encounter and some pointers to what you can do to try to alleviate it. The second by David Nutt & Louise Paterson is an academic review from 2008 of what was then known; needless to say it contains lots of data.
Finally in this short round-up we must return to the question of body clocks, because another aspect is Season Affective Disorder (SAD) which affects many people during the darker winter months probably because we don’t get enough light to reset our clocks every morning. A very recent article by Katherine Hobson on Nautilus summarises some of what is known about high intensity light therapy to treat not just SAD but potentially other disorders too.

Light therapy has become standard for treating seasonal depression … light has a benevolent influence on mood during the dark days of winter instinctively makes sense: As hazardous as sunbathing is, it certainly feels good … research into the circadian underpinnings of chronic depression, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, and fatigue suggests that light could help these patients readjust too.
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Exactly how light works isn’t known, but many researchers suspect that bright lights help SAD sufferers by regulating their sluggish circadian clocks.
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[C]ircadian rhythms appear to be disturbed in non-seasonal maladies too, which means there is a potential for light therapy beyond SAD.
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In general, bright light therapy is a low-risk and low-cost option for treatment … it may speed up patients’ responses to antidepressants.
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[T]he elderly might be particularly susceptible to the benefits of light therapy because their light perception declines with age, which might be throwing their internal clocks out of sync.

While SAD is one of the factors in my depression — and I know I feel much better on bright sunny days — it is far from the only one and is not the most crippling. I have tried light therapy two or three times over the years and never had much success with it. But it doesn’t work on everyone: while it doesn’t work for me it might work for you.

This is the fourth in my series of articles on depression — my depression. They are written from a very personal perspective; they are my views of how I see things working and what it feels like on the inside. Your views and experiences may be vastly different. My views and experiences are not necessarily backed by scientific evidence or current medical opinion. These articles are not medical advice or treatment pathways. If you think you have a problem then you should talk to your primary care physician.

Questions & Answer
What causes your depression?
As I’ve tried to say in previous articles in this series, the cause of my depression is certainly multifactorial. I know I have a tendency to Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and I am certainly worse during the winter months. I also know that I may have a genetic predisposition to depression. My father was depressive, although I think never treated for it. And by all accounts my father’s father also suffered from depression. In my grandfather’s case this was put down to Trench Fever from WWI and the depression shouldn’t be surprising given his experiences in WWI and that he was a struggling back-street corner grocer in the Depression. Clearly none of this would have helped my grandfather but I suspect, from the little I knew him in old age, that he would have suffered from depression regardless. But then all the men in my family (and I include myself) are dysfunctional.
Perhaps, to me, the most obvious cause of my depression is stress, change and far too much to do; so much that I can never hope to catch up. Yes, I know I take things on (although I am getting better at picking and choosing what I do) and I’m involved in various voluntary projects. But I can’t sit and do nothing! As I said in an earlier post, an acquaintance commented to me recently about his situation: “if I sat at home all day I’d go senile”.
Other things that add to the depression, although may not be direct causes, are financial security (will I run out of money in a few years time); lack of achievement (past and present); a lack of attention (although I’m a loner I do still need people); dieting, having to watch what I eat and drink; being ill. All of those make things worse.
What are the physical effects of your depression?
It’s sometimes hard to separate the physical from the mental, the depression is so pervasive. Basically I feel incapable of doing anything. Nothing is fun or enjoyable. Everything is too much effort; I don’t even want to get out of my chair and make a cup of tea; and it’s this lack of ability to get up and do which stops me doing all the things, like exercise, which I know I should do. It’s like someone has taken all the elastic out of the joints and brain. I’m usually headachy and irritable. I often feel weepy — which is usually a part of a mild panic attack about being able to do something. I’m not interested in anything; I don’t want to do anything — even hobbies; and I can’t concentrate. I frequently sleep badly, although I’m dead to the world in the mornings and can sleep fine all morning. In the last few years I’ve had a very low libido; something I never used to have a problem with. It is all too easy to eat too much (which I know I do) and drink too much alcohol (which I am able to control — I am nowhere near being an alcoholic but I know I could go that way).
You’re on antidepressants. Do they have any side effects?
Mercifully I seem to tolerate most drugs fairly well; I’m not someone who gets allergic reactions, nausea or many of the more regular side-effects of most drugs. I’m currently on a moderate dose of my antidepressant. In the past I have been on the maximum dose, but managed to reduce this a couple of years back. And I don’t want to go back on the maximum dose because then I do get some side effects. The two most noticeable things are due to the anticholinergic effect of antidepressants: they decrease gut motility, so one tends towards constipation; and they are extremely good at preventing (not just delay; prevent) orgasm (which is why I don’t want to go back on the higher dose).
The other thing about the antidepressant I’m currently on is that it is one of the worst for getting off. Over the years I’ve had several attempts at reducing them with the intention of changing drugs, but every time I’ve ended up with withdrawal symptoms. I’m currently trying again and I’m more hopeful this time.
What is the depression like on the inside?
At the moment I have half a cold. Apart from the slight sore throat and tickly cough this is how I feel almost permanently. At least some part of a headache. Stiff neck, which is probably the cause of the headache. Physically drained, as if someone has taken all the elastic bands out of my joints, and slightly achy. I just want to close my eyes, and maybe sleep. I feel as if I have a head full of cotton wool and it’s been used as a football. I cannot cope with thinking about doing anything; let alone actually doing anything and certainly nothing I have to concentrate on. Thinking is fuzzy because I can’t concentrate. Everything is an effort. All I really want to do is curl up under the duvet until it goes away.
This is very much like you feel after a bad bout of ‘flu; when you’re beginning to recover but can’t yet do anything. You’re totally debilitated and incapable. And everything is too much effort — mentally and physically. But with ‘flu this goes away after a day or two. With depression it doesn’t; it stays; day after day after day after day …
Sometimes I have to curl up under the duvet; and sometimes some part of it does go away. For a while.
Are you typical?
I’m not sure there is a typical depression or reaction to it; we’re all different, although as I’ve maybe shown there is a set of common themes.
I got another view recently from Charlie at Sex blog (of sorts) who wrote about her depression.

Anxiety is so much worse than depression, right? Depression is just, well, sadness. And I can handle sadness … Sadness can be fixed with chocolate and wine and hot baths and long walks and time alone. Sadness is like a prompt to take better care of yourself: to eat properly, to get some fresh air, some more sleep.

Yeah, right! Charlie is being somewhat tongue in cheek here. This isn’t full on clinical depression. It’s more like what I’ve termed Dynamic Depression. But then she goes on:

I sit and I feel this crashing sense of despair that things will always be this shit, so what’s the point? What’s the point of anti-depressants or therapy, when life isn’t going to improve? Why won’t everything just stop? Why can’t I just go to bed and stay there?
… … …
People don’t understand why depression is tiring … It’s tiring not only because everything seems so pointless, but also because I’m in constant battle with myself. I’m not this person who doesn’t have any determination to achieve stuff: I have a good degree, a good job, some fucking self-respect, for god’s sake … my ability to give a fuck about any of that stuff has totally gone. Except it hasn’t. I still do give a fuck about it and so I beat myself up: I’m doing a shit job at work, I’m not socialising enough, I’m a lazy cunt. And the more I think and act on those feelings the closer I circle to burn out.

That’s better. That’s pretty much how I feel a lot of the time.
How do you get out of that?
That’s the point. I don’t have a flying clue. If I did you wouldn’t be reading this.

This series may, or may not, be continued at a later date.