British chemist who developed protein crystallography, for which she won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1964. She advanced the technique of X-ray crystallography, a method used to determine the three-dimensional structures of molecules. Among her most influential discoveries are the confirmation of the structure of penicillin, and the structure of vitamin B12. In 1969, after 35 years of work, Hodgkin was able to decipher the structure of insulin.