Tarantism
1. A hysterical malady, characterized by an extreme impulse to dance, which prevailed in parts of Italy from the 15th to the 17th century, popularly attributed to the bite of the tarantula. The dancing was sometimes held to be a symptom or consequence of the malady, sometimes practised to cure it.
2. Overcoming melancholy by dancing; the uncontrollable urge to dance.

First used in English around 1640, according to the OED the word is derived from the modern Latin tarantismus, Italian tarantismo and French tarentisme which in turn derive from the Italian town of Taranto. However it was popularly associated with Tarantola, the tarantula spider.